Nuclear tests have obvious effects on life and habitats by physical destructions and irridiations. This has been widespread between the 50s and 80s, mostly in the USA (1054 tests incl. 835 underwater), Soviet Union (715 tests) and in France (210 tests) (ref).

Here, I'm interested in the impact of the progated sound wave of underwater nuclear explosions at long-range, for instance on sea mammals. Is there any study on this?

Particularly:

• Have repeated tests on same areas created migrations of some species?
• How far from the explosion does a typical nuclear test destroy the hearing apparatus of sea mammals?