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What animals? I'll start with a broad unsupported hunch: probably almost any animal? The details and success are however likely to be a matter of which features (not easy to know beforehand in an ...

I see two aspects animals emit signature call (as do bottlenose dolphins) then you can easily identify them by the call. This may also be the case for the wolf playback experiment in the OP. animals ...

Great question! I will only propose an element of response to this question, there's probably much more to it: I think behavioural observation would be the first step to build hypotheses about the ...

The best way is to correlate the sound with visually observed behaviour. Obviously number of observation must be such that cause and effect can be deduced and not only correlation. For me an example ...

Individually specific signatures were described by many researchers in mammals, birds, amphibians, fish... Me and my colleagues, we provided an overview vocal individual identity signatures found ...

Sometimes individual signals are hidden in plain sight. Check out this take on the individual differences between male capercaillie low-frequency calls Hart et al. 2020. Low frequencies better ...

I agree with the previous comments! And just to throw more uncertainty into it, as a primatologist I can say that the field still debates the function of primate "loud calls" - why howler ...