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@MichaelLadegaard's answer is perfectly correct, so I try here a short version of it. The Term "195-224 dB re 1 μPa at 1 m" (note I added a 1 before "μPa" (micro Pascal) to be more precise for underwa …

For a rectangular window (FFT without windowing function) any off band noise > (signal +40 dB) will mask the signal of interest. … Now, concerning Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL), I first quote https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/noise-induced-hearing-loss which says When you are exposed to loud noise over a long period of time, you …

Apart from the old observation : "one man's noise is another man's signal" (see also https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/89577/origin-of-one-mans-noise-is-another-mans-signal ) the meaning/quality … not belong to the environment is described as noise …

Adjust gain such that signals of interest are not clipped, while background noise is still visible in spectrogram. …

It is correct that the sound exposure level (SEL) is an integral and it value is typically increasing with time. The classical approximation is SEL=10*log10(sum(wav^2) * dt) As dt = 1/fs you snipp …

-138 dB (23 * 6 or 20*log10(2^15) = 138.5) The bit numbers 15 or 23, instead of 16 and 24 are to exclude the sign bit from the estimation of the bit depth when talking about bit depth and realistic noise …

What I typically do in such situations is to simply mask the timeseries after detecting the unwanted signal with NaN. After that I would remove NaN from the data or use functions, where one can omitna …

There are certainly other measure to minimize mechanical system noise. …

There are a couple of principles to enhance the signal to noise ratio bandpass filtering removes out-of-band noise median filters attenuate impulsive noise, when one is interested in tonals. matched filter … Edit: As Rasmus indicates, better avoid generation of noise in the first place and design the system such that it does not generate so much noise. OK, it is not always easy. …

Some notes on DCLDE It has its origin 2003 in Halifax, Can, to discuss techniques for Northern Right Whale protection, but moved on to more general passive acoustic monitoring. While intended as work …

Edit: Taking Urick (1983) from the shelf one finds on Page 370 a better explanation: This form of self-noise occurs in a current of water, and is the result of cable vibration induced by the eddies or … Strumming noise can be readily alleviated by a number of means, including using a faired cable, keeping the natural frequency of the cable vibration well separated from the strumming frequency, isolating …

Edit: You may look up Richardson Marina Mammals and Noise book for some ideas on impact of traditional explosions. …

Surface noise is the dominant contribution for frequencies above, say 500 Hz to well over 100 kHz. … Only deep diving beaked whales echolocating at 40 kHz can reduce surface noise by 10 dB if they dive to 1000 m. …

when using towed arrays of hydrophones then I see various types of interfering noise flow noise tow cable strumming noise surface noise ship noise flow noise can be removed by making the array hose larger … . strumming noise is reduced by fairings (caveat: depending on type they can introduce high frequency noise) surface noise can be reduced by towing the array as deep as possible: with 300 m tow cable and …

I assume that the noise lines are really clipped tonal. one way of reconstructing the signal is to use an interpolating fft (fft length > window length) so that tonals are limited to a few frequency bins … If your signal is visible at lower and higher frequencies, then the noise, you could simply mask your interferences. this would correspond to a notch filter. you can also replace the interferences with …